ASTM D 2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 2216 Phương pháp thí nghiệm độ ẩm
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Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the water (moisture) content by mass of soil, rock, and similar materials where the reduction in mass by drying is due to loss of water except as noted in 1.4, 1.5, and 1.7. For simplicity, the word “material” hereinafter also refers to either soil or rock, whichever is most applicable.
1.2 Some disciplines, such as soil science, need to determine water content on the basis of volume. Such determinations are beyond the scope of this test method.
1.3 The water content of a material is defined in 3.2.1.
1.4 The term “solid material” as used in geotechnical engineering is typically assumed to mean naturally occurring
mineral particles of soil and rock that are not readily soluble in water
1.5 Materials containing water with substantial amounts of soluble solids
1.6 This test method requires several hours for proper drying of the water content specimen
1.7 This standard requires the drying of material in an oven at high temperatures
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Referenced Documents
ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
D 4220 Practice for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
D 4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D 4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil and Rock
Testing
D 6026 Guide for Using Significant Digits in Calculating and Reporting Geotechnical Test Data
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection And ForcedVentilation Ovens
ASTM D 2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 2216 Phương pháp thí nghiệm độ ẩm
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Terminology
3.1 Refer to Terminology D 653 for standard definitions of terms.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 water content (of a material)
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Summary of Test Method
A test specimen is dried in an oven at a temperature of 110° 6 5°C to a constant mass.
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Significance and Use
5.1 For many materials, the water content is one of the most significant index properties used in establishing a correlation between soil behavior and its index properties.
5.2 The water content of a material is used in expressing the phase relationships of air, water, and solids in a given volume of material.
5.3 In fine-grained (cohesive) soils, the consistency of a given soil type depends on its water content.
ASTM D 2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 2216 Phương pháp thí nghiệm độ ẩm
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Apparatus
6.1 Drying Oven, thermostatically-controlled, preferably of the forced-draft type..
6.2 Balances
6.3 Specimen Containers
6.4 Desiccator
6.5 Container Handling Apparatus, gloves, tongs, or suitable holder for moving and handling hot containers after
drying.
6.6 Miscellaneous, knives, spatulas, scoops, quartering cloth, sample splitters, etc, as required . Samples
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Samples
7.1 Samples shall be preserved and transported in accordance with Practice 4220 Groups B, C, or D soils.
7.2 The water content determination should be done as soon as practicable after sampling, especially if potentially corrodible containers (such as thin-walled steel tubes, paint cans, etc.) or plastic sample bags are used.
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Test Specimen
8.1 For water contents being determined in conjunction with another ASTM method, the specimen mass requirement stated in that method shall be used if one is provided.
8.2 The minimum mass of moist material selected to be representative of the total sample
8.3 Using a test specimen smaller than the minimum indicated in 8.2 requires discretion,
8.4 When working with a small (less than 200g) specimen containing a relatively large gravel particle,
8.5 For those samples consisting entirely of intact rock, the minimum specimen mass shall be 500 g.
ASTM D 2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 2216 Phương pháp thí nghiệm độ ẩm
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Test Specimen Selection
9.1 When the test specimen is a portion of a larger amount of material, the specimen must be selected to be representative of the water condition of the entire amount of material. The manner in which the test specimen is selected depends on the purpose and application of the test, type of material being tested, the water condition, and the type of sample (from another test, bag, block, and the likes.)
9.2 For disturbed samples such as trimmings, bag samples, and the like, obtain the test specimen by one of the following methods (listed in order of preference):
9.3 Intact samples such as block, tube, split barrel, and the like, obtain the test specimen by one of the following methods depending on the purpose and potential use of the sample.
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Procedure
10.1 Determine and record the mass of the clean and dry specimen container (and its lid, if used).
10.2 Select representative test specimens in accordance with Section 9.
10.3 Place the moist test specimen in the container and, if used, set the lid securely in position. Determine the mass of the container and moist material using a balance (see 6.2) selected on the basis of the specimen mass. Record this value
10.4 Remove the lid (if used) and place the container with moist material in the drying oven. Dry the material to a
constant mass. Maintain the drying oven at 110 6 5°C unless otherwise specified (see 1.4). The time required to obtain constant mass will vary depending on the type of material, size of specimen, oven type and capacity, and other factors. The influence of these factors generally can be established by good judgment, and experience with the materials being tested and the apparatus being used.
10.5 After the material has dried to constant mass remove the container from the oven (and replace the lid if used). Allow the material and container to cool to room temperature or until the container can be handled comfortably with bare hands and the operation of the balance will not be affected by convection currents and/or its being heated.
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Report
Test data forms or test data sheets
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Precision and Bias
Statement on Bias
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Keywords
onsistency; index property; laboratory; moisture
analysis; moisture content; soil aggregate; water content
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ASTM D 2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 2216 Phương pháp thí nghiệm độ ẩm
